Transportation
Transportation recommendations seek to improve public, specialized and informal transportation services for older adults through expanded community partnerships and advocacy for increased public funding. They seek to make transportation options more accessible to older adults through user-friendly design, coordination of services, and education. They also support road design, car design, signage, lighting, driver training programs and other community efforts to improve driver, passenger and pedestrian safety.
Desired Outcome
Older adults have an array of transportation options that are safe and responsive to their needs and preferences.
Background
Mobility is critical to the well-being of older people. According to the California Policy Research Center:
Mobility means being able to reach a destination when one wants to; it also means being informed about available transportation services, knowing how and being able to use them, and having the means to pay for them...Shopping for daily necessities, maintaining relationships with family and friends, having easy access to health and dental care, and participating in cultural, recreational, and religious activities all require the ability to travel to a variety of destinations.
The majority of older adults in Kent County generally are able to get to places they need to go. Ninety-eight percent use a car - and the vast majority of them (82%) drive themselves. Not surprisingly, as they age, fewer and fewer older adults drive: among those age 65-74, nine out of ten drive themselves; among those older than 85, just over half drive.
Only 4% of the county's elders reported using public transportation in the two months prior to the survey. Twenty-one percent say that they have no access to public transportation. Fifteen percent, more than 9,300 seniors, indicate that a lack of transportation sometimes prevents them from getting where they need to go. More than half of those persons say they don't go out at all due to lack of transportation. And twelve percent, more than 7,400 seniors, report a physical limitation that makes it difficult for them to travel outside the home. Fewer than 800 older adults in Kent County use special transportation services available to seniors.
According to most estimates, Kent County's aging population will double in the next 30 years. Improving the transportation options available to older residents in Kent County will help many "age in place" - meeting their expressed desires and providing a cost-effective alternative to more formal systems of care.
Most People Get Where They Need to Go
In Kent County, an overwhelming majority of older adults say they get where they need to go. In fact, over half (32,568) of older adults in Kent County report leaving their home or apartment at least once a day. Only 3% of older adults (1,759) say they go out less than once per week.
The reason cited by all of those who could not get where they needed to go was that they did not have someone they could depend on for help.
Additionally, 15% (about 9,000 Kent County seniors) reported having a medical condition that makes travel difficult and 12% have reduced their travel
Modes of Transportation
When Kent County's older adults leave their home, they overwhelmingly do so by driving a car. They also often get a ride from family, friends, or neighbors. The tendency to drive a car decreases only slightly as age increases. Between the ages of 65-74, 9 out of 10 usually drive a car while 6 out of 10 adults age 85 or older usually drive a car. Also, men are more likely to drive a car than women.
Public Transportation: Underused and Frustrating
Despite the fact that 70% of elders in Kent County say public transportation is readily available, 28% identified it as a neighborhood problem and 9% says it's a priority for community action.
Nine percent say public transit is either too limited to be useful or believe it is not available at all. In addition, while 4% say they need help using public transportation, most of them do not get the help they need.
All of this may help explain how infrequently people use public transit. Less than 1% use it as their primary mode of transportation, though 2.6% do use it once or twice each month.
In addition to things like the Grand Rapids bus system - the Rapid - there are special transportation services available for seniors, but relatively few use those services for their usual trips. It's unclear why.
Recommendations
Access
Goal 1
Increase use of public fixed-route transportation.
Objectives
- Create a user-friendly system (benches, location of stops, clear usage information, accessible sidewalks, etc.).
- Expand the senior mentoring program (peer-to-peer support for bus use)
- Develop appropriate educational materials that identify all of the costs of driving (e.g., environmental, financial, etc.).
- Expand services region-wide.
- Educate potential riders on the safety of the public transportation system.
Goal 2
Improve usability and availability of specialized, point-to-point service programs such as the Go!Bus and other specialized and volunteer transportation programs.
Objectives
- Develop a single access system to increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
- Leverage technology and scheduling strategies to enhance efficiency and ease of use.
- Expand partnerships to include older providers and mental health providers.
- Explore adding hospital and assisted living facility vehicles to a coordinated single access effort.
Goal 3
Support informal transportation options.
Objectives
- Increase efforts to enhance volunteer driver programs such as those available through the Senior Volunteer Program, Red Cross, and Senior Neighbors.
- Explore the creation of a voucher program that supports consumer involvement in securing transportation and provides incentives for volunteer drivers.
- Support and encourage continuing assistance from family and friends.
- Explore expanding participation in this effort by churches and religious communities in a manner similar to their support of the food pantry system.
Partnership and Advocacy
Goal 4
Improve transportation options through partnerships and advocacy.
Objectives
- Link advocates and older adult programs to transportation advocacy efforts such as Concerned Citizens for Improved Transportation, Emergency Needs Task Force Transportation Subcommittee and Faith in Motion.
- Advocate to local, state, and federal policy makers for increased public funding for public transportation through focused campaigns (e.g., identify and highlight development issues that impact transportation costs and use such as the proximity of health providers, housing and shopping services to available services and the walkability of local communities).
Drivers' Safety
Goal 5
Protect older adults and the community from driving injuries and accidents.
Objective
- Support efforts to improve driver, passenger and pedestrian safety through effective road design, car design, signage, lighting, and driver training programs.
Work Group
During the winter and spring 2005, the Transportation Subcommittee of the Kent County Emergency Needs Task Force (ENTF) devoted significant time during their monthly meetings to study and analysis of the Transportation issue area for Creating Community for a Lifetime (CCFL). Members offered insights into the AdvantAge Initiative Survey of Older Adults in Kent County findings, considered best practices, and developed the CCFL Transportation recommendations. The Kent County ENTF includes more than 100 non-profits, governmental and faith-based organizations, funders and concerned volunteers who work together to address our citizens' basic needs. The ENTF monitors basic service systems in Kent County, such as food, shelter, utilities and transportation.
Co-Chairs
- Dave Bulkowski - Disability Advocates of West Michigan
- Sue Sefton - Kent County Health Department
Members
- Charis Austin - Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired
- Nora Barkey - Area Agency on Aging of Western Michigan
- Sharon Killebrew Boyce - Area Agency on Aging of Western Michigan
- Teresa Branson - Task Force for Health Care for People of Color
- Candace Cowling - Child & Family Resource Council
- Jim Fetzer - Interurban Transit Partnership/The Rapid
- Shawn Fleet - Spectrum Health Now Program
- Sherrie Gillespie - Area Community Services Employment & Training Council (ACSET)
- Dan Gowdy - Hope Network/North Kent Transit
- Lolita Hunt - Touchstone Innovare
- Debbie Jones - Red Cross Transportation
- Jennifer Kalczuk - Interurban Transit Partnership/The Rapid
- Kathy Lachniet - Kent County Dept. of Human Services
- Morgan Lambert - Area Agency on Aging of Western Michigan
- Kate Luckert - Grand Rapids Community Foundation
- Bob McKown - United Way's 2-1-1
- Golan Murshed - Interurban Transit Partnership/The Rapid
- Tom Oosterbaan - Senior Neighbors
- David Schroeder - Heart of West Michigan United Way
- Tony Slaughter - Red Cross Transportation
- Kevin Wisselink - Interurban Transit Partnership/The Rapid
- Mary Ann Young - Interurban Transit Partnership/The Rapid